• The study of agriculture is called Agricultural Science or Agronomy.
• It deals with crop production, soil management, and farming techniques.
• This field helps improve food quality and increase agricultural yield.

• There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the human body.
• They arise from the spinal cord and carry sensory and motor signals.
• These nerves connect the brain with different parts of the body.

• Herbivores eat plant-based diets, which are high in cellulose and difficult to digest.
• To maximize nutrient absorption, their small and large intestines are long, coiled, and folded.
• Examples of herbivores: cow, goat, horse, rabbit.

• The liver is the largest internal organ and gland in the human body.
• It weighs about 1.2–1.5 kg in an average adult.

• Pasteurization involves heating milk to a specific temperature to kill harmful bacteria and pathogens.
• Developed by Louis Pasteur, it helps make milk safe for consumption and increases its shelf life.

Common methods:

• Low-temperature, long-time (LTLT): 63°C for 30 minutes
• High-temperature, short-time (HTST): 72°C for 15 seconds
• This process does not significantly change the taste or nutrients of milk.

• During hibernation, frogs remain inactive and burrow in mud or under leaves to survive cold conditions.
• Their metabolism slows down, and lungs are not actively used.
• Frogs rely on cutaneous respiration (through skin) to get oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
• Their skin must remain moist for efficient gas exchange.

• Flora and Fauna: Acid rain makes soil and water acidic, which harms plants, aquatic life, fish, and microorganisms.
• Growth of Trees: It damages leaves and roots, reduces soil nutrients, and weakens trees, making them vulnerable to diseases.
• Big Sculptures & Marble Constructions: Acid rain reacts with calcium carbonate in marble and limestone, causing corrosion and erosion of monuments (e.g., Taj Mahal).
• Acid rain is mainly caused by sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) released from industries and vehicles.