Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior, mental processes, emotions, and personality. It is an important subject for competitive exams such as PPSC, FPSC, NTS, OTS, KPPSC, BPSC, AJKPSC, CSS, and PMS.
A
Don not leave any effect on individual’s behavior
B
Are not concerned with environment
C
Enable an individual to perform his role
D
Are concerned with heredity
Correct Answer:
Enable an individual to perform his role
The temporary inability to retrieve a word that is well-known to us is referred to as the:
A
Recency effect
B
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
C
Wernicke’s aphasia
D
Acquired dyslexia
Correct Answer:
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
Which of the following is an example of people’s reliance on the representativeness heuristic to make decisions or judgements?
A
People report that they did more than 50% of the work in domestic situations
B
People tend to overestimate car accidents
C
People are more likely to attribute a case of heartbum to spicy food than bland food
D
People tend to underestimate death from diabetes
Correct Answer:
People are more likely to attribute a case of heartbum to spicy food than bland food
A child has leaned to avoid a furry, black cat. However, she still plays with her grandmother’s short-haired tabby. Her response demonstrates?
A
negative transfer
B
extinction
C
discrimination
D
successive approximation
Correct Answer:
discrimination
Which of the following does NOT represent a form of learning?
A
A snail experiences a brief jolt of the surface on which it is crawling and reacts by reacting into its shell. Subsequent jolts however, are found to be less effective in inducing withdrawal, until the reaction finally disappears
B
The first conspicuous moving object seen by a newly hatched chick is a laboratory attendant. As a consequence, the chick develops an attachment to that person, approaching and following him or her, and tending to avoid other things
C
A rat is given access to a distinctively flavoured foodstuff that has been lanced with a small amount of prison, enough to induce nausea but not enough to kill. On recovering from its illness however, the rat will still go back to the flavour
D
A hungry pigeon is given a small amount of food each time it happens to make a turn in a particular direction. After experiencing a few rewards, the bird develops an increasing tendency to circle on the spot in the ‘correct’ direction
Correct Answer:
A rat is given access to a distinctively flavoured foodstuff that has been lanced with a small amount of prison, enough to induce nausea but not enough to kill. On recovering from its illness however, the rat will still go back to the flavour
Consider this sequence: (1) food, (2) salivation with food (3) light with food, (4) salivation with light. This procedure for presenting stimuli and observing responses with dogs is based on Pavlov’s experiments, and represents which sequence of classical conditioning?
A
Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
B
Conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response
C
Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned response
D
Unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response
Which of the following is accurate in relation to the law of effect?
A
The law of effect relates to Pavlov’s proposal that reward will strengthen the connection between the response that preceded it and any stimuli present when it is delivered
B
In modern terminology, Thorndike’s ‘satisfiers’ and ‘annoyers’ are called enforces and punishers
C
In the law of effect, a stimulus-response (S-R) association is learned
D
It is generally thought that the likelihood of an animal responding in a particular way cannot be controlled by the consequence of the response
Correct Answer:
In the law of effect, a stimulus-response (S-R) association is learned
Which of the following statements about Pavlov’s dogs is FALSE?
A
Pavlov’s standard procedure, involved the following: a dog was given access to food, and each presentation was accompanied (usually slightly preceded by the occurrence of a neutral event, such as a flashing light
B
After several training trials (pairings of light and food), the dog would salivate at the flash of light, before any food had appeared
C
Salivation at the presentation of food is called a conditioned response
D
The event that evokes the conditioned response is referred to as a conditioned stimulus
Correct Answer:
After several training trials (pairings of light and food), the dog would salivate at the flash of light, before any food had appeared
In Pavlov’s experiments with dogs, salivation was the
A
conditioned response
B
unconditioned stimulus
C
conditioned stimulus
D
unconditioned response
Correct Answer:
conditioned response
Just the sight of Mary’s sexy nightgown makes Jim aroused. Mary’s nightgown serves as(n):
